Talks

Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the greatest outcome of the Standard Model of Particle Physics when put next to ΛCDM cosmology. In this talk, I will first review the key aspects of standard BBN and illustrate a new code -- PRyMordial -- to make state-of-the-art predictions of primordial light-element abundances within and beyond the Standard Model. I will then highlight the latest measurements regarding the primordial abundance of helium-4 and deuterium, and present evidence at the 2 sigma level for a nonzero lepton asymmetry from BBN data jointly with the Cosmic Microwave Background. I will leave some final comments on how a large total lepton asymmetry can be consistently realized in the Early Universe.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95011247645?pwd=S0EwZG9nSHQvTjV0QjBxeHNUWWtmUT09

One fruitful strategy of tackling quantum gravity is to adapt quantum field theory to the situation where spacetime geometry is dynamical, and to implement diffeomorphism symmetry in a way that is compatible with regularization and renormalization. It has taken a while to address the underlying technical and conceptual challenges and to chart a quantum field-theoretic path toward a theory of quantum gravity that is unitary, essentially unique and can produce "numbers" beyond perturbation theory. In this context, the formulation of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a quantum-gravitational analogue of what lattice QCD is to nonabelian gauge theory. Its nonperturbative toolbox builds on the mathematical principles of “random geometry” and allows us to shift emphasis from formal considerations to extracting quantitative results on the spectra of invariant quantum observables at or near the Planck scale. A breakthrough result of CDT quantum gravity in four dimensions is the emergence, from first principles, of a nonperturbative vacuum state with properties of a de Sitter universe. I will summarize these findings, highlight the nonlocal character of observables in quantum gravity and describe the interesting physics questions that are being tackled using the new notion of quantum Ricci curvature.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/92791576774?pwd=VEg3MEdKOWsxOEhXOHVIQUhPcUt0UT09

The growing catalog of gravitational-wave signals from compact object mergers has allowed us to study the properties of black holes and neutron stars more precisely than ever before and has opened a new window through which to probe the earliest moments in our universe’s history. In this talk, I will demonstrate how current and future gravitational-wave observations can be uniquely leveraged to learn about astrophysics and cosmology. With the current catalog of events detected by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors, I will present evidence for a correlation between the redshift and spin distributions of binary black holes and discuss its astrophysical implications. With joint observations of short gamma-ray bursts and binary neutron star mergers accessible in the next few years, I will describe how to constrain the jet geometry and shed light on the central engine powering these explosions. Finally, with the sensitivities expected for the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors, I will present the statistically optimal method for the simultaneous detection of a foreground of compact binary mergers and a stochastic gravitational-wave background from early-universe processes.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95280675686?pwd=RThMeStWeWl1VlBuV1cvYW8zTXgydz09

Take a guided tour of the invisible universe on Dark Matter Night.

In a hybrid event (in-person and live webcast) on October 26, dark matter researchers Katie Mack and Ken Clark will share insights into the ubiquitous, mysterious matter that makes up the majority of stuff in our universe.

Dark Matter Night will be webcast live from two locations. Starting at 7:30 pm ET, Katie Mack will discuss the theoretical and observational foundations of dark matter at Perimeter Institute, where she holds the Hawking Chair in Cosmology and Science Communication. Next, Ken Clark, an associate professor at the Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, will share experimental approaches that could help solve the riddle of dark matter. We’ll also get a guided video tour of SNOLAB, the state-of-the-art underground laboratory two kilometres beneath Sudbury.

We revisit the problem of how interactions emerge in quantum gravity. Namely, we show that bulk scattering of multiple particles in the AdS space requires multipartite entanglement on the boundary. This statement can be proven by two totally different methods, 1) general relativity and 2) quantum cryptographic argument. Furthermore, we argue that interactions among particles in the scattering event emerge from the mechanism of entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) which utilize pre-existing multipartite entanglement in CFT. We also propose a concrete protocol to implement a certain class of multi-partite unitary interactions by using transversal logical operators of quantum codes. This talk is based on a (very) recent work with Alex May and Jonathan Sorce.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91349028320?pwd=TGF2Q2ZNdTZtZGxkQ0NiMURLdW5Zdz09

The phase diagram of a material is of central importance in describing the properties and behaviour of a condensed matter system. Indeed, the study of quantum phase transitions has formed a central part of 20th and 21st Century physics. We examine the complexity and computability of determining the phase diagram of a general Hamiltonian. We show that in the worst case it is uncomputable and in more restricted cases, where the Hamiltonian is “better behaved”, it remains computationally intractable even for a quantum computer. Finally, we take a look at the relations between the Renormalization Group and uncomputable Hamiltonians.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96048987715?pwd=WGtwWk1SUnFsanNIVTZVYjNmbTh3Zz09