Talks

The gauged linear sigma model (GLSM) with (0,2) supersymmetry is an excellent tool for generating solutions of the heterotic string. In this talk, I will review a novel mechanism within the (0,2) GLSM for producing target spaces with H-flux, and explore several examples of this type. Along the way, a remarkable relationship between (0,2) gauge anomalies and H-flux will emerge. We will also see hints that many of these spaces require a stringy notion of geometry.

It has been known for a long time that quadratic gravity, which generalizes Einstein gravity with quadratic curvature terms, is renormalizable and asymptotically free in the UV.  However the theory is afflicted with a ghost problem if the perturbative spectrum is taken seriously. We explore the possibility that the dimensional scale of Einstein-Hilbert term is far smaller than the scale where the dimensionless gravitational couplings become strong. The propagation of the gravitational degrees of freedom can change character at this strong interaction scale. Lattice QCD studies show a particular suppression of gluon propagator in the IR, which removes the perturbative gluon from the physical spectrum. We propose that the same fate can apply to the spin-2 ghost. The Planck mass is associated with the strong dynamics scale below which the normal Einstein description can emerge. In this picture both the UV and IR limits have weakly coupled descriptions, similar to perturbative QCD and the chiral Lagrangian. Some implications of a small mass ratio in the theory are considered.

Cosmic neutrinos carry a wealth of information about both cosmology and particle physics, but they are notoriously difficult to observe.  Rapid advancement in measurements of the cosmic microwave background, however, have allowed us to indirectly constrain some properties of the cosmic neutrino background.  I will discuss the current status and future prospects for improving constraints on cosmic neutrinos, focusing in part of the phase shift of acoustic peaks in the cosmic microwave background which results from neutrino fluctuations.  I will also discuss how improved measurements from CMB-Stage IV will naturally constrain a wealth of beyond the standard model physics.

Quantum superpositions of matter are unusually sensitive to decoherence by tiny momentum transfers, in a way that can be made precise with a new diffusion standard quantum limit.  Upcoming matter interferometers will produce unprecedented spatial superpositions of over a million nucleons. What sorts of dark matter scattering events could be seen in these experiments as anomalous decoherence?  We show that it is extremely weak but medium range interaction between matter and dark matter that would be most visible, such as scattering through a Yukawa potential. We construct toy models for these interactions, discuss existing constraints, and delineate the expected sensitivity of forthcoming experiments.  In particular, the OTIMA interferometer developing at the University of Vienna will directly probe many orders of magnitude of parameter space, and the proposed MAQRO satellite experiment would be vastly more sensitive yet.  This is a multidisciplinary talk that will be accessible to a non-specialized audience.