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Modified Gravity and its Consequences for the Solar System, Astrophysics and Cosmology

John Moffat
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050045
Cosmology
Why there is something rather than nothing

Andrei Barvinski
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050044
Cosmology
Random Observations in the Landscape

Vitaly Vanchurin
University of Minnesota, Duluth
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050043
Cosmology
Dark Energy, Lorentz Violation and Ghosts

Raman Sundrum
University of Maryland, College Park
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050042
Cosmology
Consistent Lorentz Violation in Flat and Curved Space

Oriol Pujolas
New York University (NYU)
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050041
Cosmology
The DGP Braneworld

Kazuya Koyama
University of Portsmouth
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050040
Cosmology
Gravity Probes and Graviton Hair

Georgi Dvali
New York University (NYU)
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050039
Cosmology
Why the Vacuum Energy is Enormous (Just Not Here and Now)

Anthony Aguirre
University of California, Santa Cruz
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050038
Cosmology
Nonlinear Structure Formation and Apparent Acceleration: An Investigation

Alessio Notari
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050037
Cosmology
Non-Anthropic Approaches to the String Landscape

G. Watson
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050036
Cosmology
Large Extra Dimensions and Darkness From String Theory

Fernando Quevedo
University of Cambridge
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050035
Cosmology
Explorations in Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions

Susha Parameswaran
University of Liverpool
May 18, 2007

PIRSA:07050033
Cosmology

Modified Gravity and its Consequences for the Solar System, Astrophysics and Cosmology

John Moffat
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050045
Cosmology
A relativistic modified gravity (MOG) leads to a self-consistent, stable gravity theory that can describe the solar system, galaxy and clusters of galaxies data and cosmology without dark matter. A review is given of fits to galaxy rotation curves, mass profiles of X-ray clusters and weak and strong lensing of galaxy clusters including the bullet cluster E10657-56. MOG can explain the CMB power spectrum and the observed acceleration of the expansion of the universe.
Why there is something rather than nothing

Andrei Barvinski
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050044
Cosmology
We show that the recently suggested Euclidean quantum gravity density matrix of the Universe which generates the set of inflationary universes is, in fact, the density matrix of the microcanonical ensemble in {\em Lorentzian} quantum cosmology. This ensemble corresponds to the uniform (weight one) distribution over an entire phase space of {\em true physical variables}, but in terms of the observable spacetime geometry it is peaked about complex saddle-points of the Lorentzian path integral, given by the recently obtained Euclidean gravitational instantons belonging to the bounded range of the cosmological constant. It is shown that the conformal rotation, designed to solve the problem of unboundedness of the Euclidean gravitational action, is, in fact, the manifestation of correct integration range over the lapse and shift functions in Lorentzian quantum gravity, enforcing the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints. Inflationary cosmologies generated by the gravitational instantons at late stages of expansion incorporate cosmological acceleration phenomenon whose low-energy scale can be attained by invoking the ideas of dynamically evolving compactified extra dimensions. Thus, together with the bounded range of the early cosmological constant, this initial state of the Universe simultaneously suggests the dynamical restriction mechanism for the landscape of string vacua and the solution of the dark energy problem.
Random Observations in the Landscape

Vitaly Vanchurin
University of Minnesota, Duluth
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050043
Cosmology
Dark Energy, Lorentz Violation and Ghosts

Raman Sundrum
University of Maryland, College Park
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050042
Cosmology
I describe how vacuum energy can be controlled by a symmetry principle that necessitates a ghost sector. I argue that the implied instability of Minkowski spacetime is natural and consistent with experience if gravity is fundamentally Lorentz-violating, and describe attempts to construct such exotic dynamics. I briefly discuss the more robust experimental/observational signatures of such a scenario.
Consistent Lorentz Violation in Flat and Curved Space

Oriol Pujolas
New York University (NYU)
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050041
Cosmology
Motivated by the severity of the bounds on Lorentz violation in the presence of ordinary gravity, we study frameworks in which Lorentz violation does not affect the spacetime geometry. We show that there are at least two inequivalent classes of spontaneous Lorentz breaking that even in the presence of gravity result in Minkowski space. The first one generically corresponds to the condensation of tensor fields with tachyonic mass, which in turn is related to ghost-condensation. In the second class, realized in the DGP model or in theories of massive gravity, spontaneous Lorentz breaking is induced by the expectation value of sources. The generalization to de-Sitter space is also discussed.
The DGP Braneworld

Kazuya Koyama
University of Portsmouth
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050040
Cosmology
In this talk, I summarize a current status of the DGP braneworld emphasizing the theoretical consistency of the model.First I review the behaviour of the linearized gravity and show the existence of the ghost. Then I discuss the issue of the non-linearity of gravity in this model.
Gravity Probes and Graviton Hair

Georgi Dvali
New York University (NYU)
May 20, 2007

PIRSA:07050039
Cosmology
Why the Vacuum Energy is Enormous (Just Not Here and Now)

Anthony Aguirre
University of California, Santa Cruz
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050038
Cosmology
Nonlinear Structure Formation and Apparent Acceleration: An Investigation

Alessio Notari
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050037
Cosmology
We present analytically solvable nonlinear models of structure formation in a Universe with only dust, using LTB solutions. We show that the luminosity distance-redshift relation has significant corrections at low redshift (Doppler effect). We discuss different possibilities that could further enhance this effect and mimick Dark Energy. We find negligible integrated effect, suppressed by $(L/R_{H})^3$ (where $L$ is the size of the structure, and $R_{H}$ is the Hubble radius) and we make contact with cosmological perturbation theory.
Non-Anthropic Approaches to the String Landscape

G. Watson
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050036
Cosmology
We consider the effect that dynamical selection principles could have on the string landscape and for determining the value of the cosmological constant. The underlying symmetries of string theory, along with the dynamics of moduli in the low energy effective field theory, seem to suggest that not all vacua are created equal. However, in some simple models many vacua are alike and this degeneracy may suggest a *non-anthropic* approach to understanding the observed value of the cosmological constant. The approach may also lead to a viable model of inflation, without the need of fine-tuned potentials.
Large Extra Dimensions and Darkness From String Theory

Fernando Quevedo
University of Cambridge
May 19, 2007

PIRSA:07050035
Cosmology
Explorations in Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions

Susha Parameswaran
University of Liverpool
May 18, 2007

PIRSA:07050033
Cosmology
Brane worlds may provide insight into the cosmological constant problem because a large vacuum energy on the brane can curve the extra dimensions rather than the local 4D spacetime. Moreover, such models with supersymmetric large extra dimensions reveal a tantalizing numerology, in which the size of the two extra dimensions can lead not only to the electroweak hierarchy but also to the observed dark energy scale. I will review this proposal, its promises and problems, and then describe some of the novel physics that can arise in 6D brane worlds. The dynamical stability of models in 6D supergravity constrains the matter content of the theory, but surprisingly this can be relaxed with negative tension branes. Meanwhile, the Kaluza-Klein mass gap can remain finite even in the infinite volume limit.

Title	Date	Collection	Type	Info
Modified Gravity and its Consequences for the Solar System, Astrophysics and Cosmology	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Why there is something rather than nothing	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Random Observations in the Landscape	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Dark Energy, Lorentz Violation and Ghosts	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Consistent Lorentz Violation in Flat and Curved Space	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
The DGP Braneworld	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Gravity Probes and Graviton Hair	2007‑05‑20	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Why the Vacuum Energy is Enormous (Just Not Here and Now)	2007‑05‑19	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Nonlinear Structure Formation and Apparent Acceleration: An Investigation	2007‑05‑19	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Non-Anthropic Approaches to the String Landscape	2007‑05‑19	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Large Extra Dimensions and Darkness From String Theory	2007‑05‑19	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details
Explorations in Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions	2007‑05‑18	Excursions in the Dark Workshop - 2007	Conference	View details

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