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In any quantum field theory, the energy flux at a point of spacetime can be negative.  This would produce a repulsive gravitational field causing nearby light rays to defocus.  This in turn threatens to produce a variety of exotic phenomena including traversable wormholes, warp drives, time machines, and evasion of singularity theorems.  I will describe a new "quantum focusing conjecture" that prevents such pathologies.  In the flat spacetime limit it reduces to a novel lower bound on the energy density, which can be proven for several classes of field theories.

In this talk, I discuss several application of semileptonic B-meson form factors.  Topics include the determination of $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$, hints for new physics in semitauonic decays, and Standard-Model predictions for flavor-changing-neutral-current processes: $B\to P\nu\bar{\nu}$ and $B\to P\ell^+\ell^-$, where $P$ denotes a pion or kaon.
I will also cover some details of the underlying lattice-QCD calculations at a nontechnical level.

Alternative theories of gravity are popular alternatives to the LCDM model because they can self-accelerate without a cosmological constant. On smaller scales, consistency with solar system tests of gravity is achieved by utilising screening mechanisms, which act to hide fifth-forces locally. This makes them difficult to distinguish from general relativity. In this talk I will describe recent work using astrophysical objects---stars, galaxies, and clusters---as new and novel probes of alternative gravity theories.