Observational Equivalences Between Causal Structures with Latent Variables

          @misc{ pirsa_PIRSA:23040108,
            doi = {10.48660/23040108},
            url = {https://pirsa.org/23040108},
            author = {Maciel Ansanelli, Marina},
            keywords = {Quantum Foundations},
            language = {en},
            title = {Observational Equivalences Between Causal Structures with Latent Variables},
            publisher = {Perimeter Institute},
            year = {2023},
            month = {apr},
            note = {PIRSA:23040108 see, \url{https://pirsa.org}}
          }
          

Abstract

"If one only performs experiments involving passive observations, in general there are multiple causal structures that can explain the same set of distributions over the observed variables. In this case, we say that these causal structures are observationally equivalent. In this work, we explore all the known techniques for proving observational equivalence or inequivalence, as well as some original ones. Even if the existing rules are not enough to achieve the full classification of the causal structures with four observed variables, our results get close to such classification and show that admitting inequality constraints is a generic feature among structures with four observed variables."