Search Talks

Recent observations point to a surprisingly economical description of the universe on both very small and very large scales. Stimulated by these findings, Boyle and I have proposed a new, potentially more complete theoretical framework than currently popular paradigms. Our search has so far led to 1) the simplest-yet explanation for the cosmic dark matter, soon to be tested by galaxy surveys, 2) a thermodynamic explanation for the large scale geometry of the cosmos, based on the concept of gravitational entropy à la Hawking, 3) a new account of the big bang singularity as a “mirror” enforcing CPT-symmetric boundary conditions, realising Penrose's "Weyl curvature hypothesis" and 4) a new mechanism for cancelling the divergent vacuum energy and the trace anomalies in the Standard Model (SM). The new mechanism successfully predicts the primordial density perturbations in terms of the SM’s gauge couplings. It also explains why there are 3 generations of elementary particles, each including a RH neutrino, one of which is stable and comprises the dark matter. I’ll outline the challenges the new picture faces and the opportunities it presents, ranging from solving the gauge hierarchy problem to an improved description of quantum gravity along with prospective observational tests.

I will discuss two versions of the simplicial Lorentizian path integral, namely the (Lorentzian) quantum Regge and the spin foam version. I will do so in the simple context of de Sitter cosmology. This simple example will reveal the important role of light cone irregular configurations in the simplicial path integral — I will show that these can either lead to an exponentially enhanced or an exponentially suppressed amplitude. I will then highlight an important difference between the spin foams and quantum Regge path integral, which affects the probability for the creation of the (de Sitter) universe.

Warped extra dimensions were originally introduced as a way of addressing the hierarchy problem. But insights from these scenarios have extended to black hole physics, cosmology, and even mechanisms for addressing issues in purely four dimensions. We investigate this scenario and some compelling lessons. The presenter will be joining via Zoom for this talk.

Cosmic-ray-driven instabilities play a crucial role in particle acceleration at shocks and during the propagation of GeV cosmic rays in galaxies and galaxy clusters within the self-confinement picture of CR transport. These instabilities amplify magnetic fields, which, in turn, scatter cosmic rays and thus self-regulate their transport. This leads to a strong coupling between the collisionless cosmic ray population and the thermal background plasma, implying potentially significant dynamic feedback. In this presentation, I discuss a recent discovery of a new cosmic ray-driven instability, referred to as the intermediate-scale instability, which triggers comoving ion-cyclotron electromagnetic waves at sub-ion skin-depth scales. Its growth rate is notably faster compared to the ion gyro scale (streaming) instability, which is commonly assumed to be the dominant instability in the self-confinement picture. Therefore, this new instability could play a vital role in the transport of cosmic rays in galactic and stellar environments. I then explore the implications of this instability for electron acceleration at non-relativistic shocks. Through Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, it is demonstrated that the new instability triggers the dominant mechanism for efficient electron acceleration at parallel electron-ion shocks, addressing a persistent issue with electron injection at these shocks. The PIC simulations also reveal that the common practice of using reduced ion-to-electron mass ratios in shock simulations, which artificially suppresses the intermediate instability, not only hinders electron acceleration but also leads to incorrect electron and ion heating in downstream and shock transition areas.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91367222746?pwd=REpEdXE3ZGdLeVQ1bnh0NldIQktWQT09