Talks

In this talk I will discuss the energy probability density function of an evaporating near-extremal charged black hole. At sufficiently low energies, such black holes experience large quantum metric fluctuations in the $AdS_{2}$ throat which are governed by a Schwarzian action. These fluctuations modify Hawking evaporation rates, and therefore also affect how the black hole state evolves over time. In previous work on Schwarzian-corrected Hawking radiation, the black hole was taken to be in the microcanonical or canonical ensemble [arXiv:2411.03447]. However, we find that an initially fixed-energy or fixed-temperature state does not remain so in the regime where Schwarzian corrections are important. We consider three decay channels: the emission of massless scalars, photons, and entangled pairs of photons in angular momentum singlet states. In each of the three cases, we find that in the very low energy, quantum dominated regime, the probability distribution of the black hole energy level occupation tends toward a particular attractor function that effectively depends on only one combination of time and energy. This function is independent of the initial state and gives new predictions for the energy fluxes and Hawking emission spectra of near-extremal charged black holes.

We present a tensor-network-based classical algorithm (equipped with guarantees) for simulating $n$-qubit quantum circuits with arbitrary single-qubit noise. Our algorithm represents the state of a noisy quantum system by a particular ensemble of matrix product states from which we stochastically sample a pure quantum state. Each single qubit noise process acting on a pure state is then represented by the ensemble of states that achieve the minimal average entanglement (the entanglement of formation) between the noisy qubit and the rest of the system. This approach provides a connection between the entanglement of formation and the accuracy of the simulation algorithm. For a given maximum bond dimension $\chi$ and circuit, our algorithm comes with an upper bound on the simulation error (in total variation distance), runs in $poly(n,\chi)$-time and improves upon related prior work (1) in scope: by extending from the three commonly considered noise models to general single qubit noise (2) in performance: by employing a state-dependent locally-entanglement-optimal unraveling and (3) in conceptual contribution: by showing that the fixed unraveling used in prior work becomes equivalent to our choice of unraveling in the special case of depolarizing and dephasing noise acting on a maximally entangled state. This is joint work with Simon Cichy, Paul K. Faehrmann, Lennart Bittel and Jens Eisert.