Talks

We apply newly-developed techniques for studying perturbative scattering amplitudes to gauge theories with matter. It is well known that the N=4 SYM theory has a very simple S-matrix; do other gauge theories see similar simplifications in their S-matrices? It turns out the one-loop gluon S-matrix simplifies if the matter representations satisfy some group theoretic constraints. In particular, these constraints can be expressed as linear Diophantine equations involving the higher order Indices (or higher-order Casimirs) of these representations. We solve these constraints to find examples of theories whose gluon scattering amplitudes are as simple as those of the N=4 theory. This class includes the N=2, SU(K) theory with a symmetric and anti-symmetric tensor hypermultiplet. Non-supersymmetric theories with appropriately tuned matter content can also see remarkable simplifications. We find an infinite class of non-supersymmetric amplitudes that are cut-constructible even though naive power counting would suggest the presence of rational remainders.

Multipartite quantum states constitute a (if not the) key resource for quantum computations and protocols. However obtaining a generic, structural understanding of entanglement in N-qubit systems is still largely an open problem. Here we show that multipartite quantum entanglement admits a compositional structure. The two SLOCC-classes of genuinely entangled 3-qubit states, the GHZ-class and the W-class, exactly correspond with the two kinds of commutative Frobenius algebras on C^2, namely `special' ones and `anti-special' ones. Within the graphical language of symmetric monoidal categories, the distinction between `special' and `anti-special' is purely topological, in terms of `connected' vs.~`disconnected'. These GHZ and W Frobenius algebras form the primitives of a graphical calculus which is expressive enough to generate and reason about representatives of arbitrary N-qubit states. This calculus induces a generalised graph state paradigm for measurement-based quantum computing, and refines the graphical calculus of complementary observables due to Duncan and one of the authors [ICALP'08], which has already shown itself to have many applications and admit automation. References: Bob Coecke and Aleks Kissinger, http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.2540

These three lectures cover several ideas of physics beyond the Standard Model. My focus is on ideas that give a natural stabilization solution to the electroweak scale, which is mysteriously light compared to the gravitational Planck scale. These ideas include supersymmetric field theories, extra dimensions, and Higgs boson physics. I shall describe what I think are the "best bets" among these approaches, and more importantly the ways they can be discerned by experiment. Special emphasis will be on theories that can be confirmed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that is just now starting.

Gamma rays from WIMP annihilation are an important signal through which we search for non-gravitational interactions of dark matter. In particular, lines in the energy spectrum of gamma rays provide a signal which is difficult for conventional astrophysics to fake, and are thus promising despite the fact that such lines are generically expect to be suppressed, arising from one loop processes. I will discuss two theories which have an interesting family of gamma ray lines and discuss how such lines can reveal information about the WIMPs and the dark sector.