Quantum Fields and Strings

In this talk I will discuss the applications of the gauge/gravity duality to the strongly coupled quark gluon plasma, focusing in particular on the role of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio. It has been argued that the lower bound on the shear viscosity to entropy density in strongly coupled plasmas can be understood in terms of microcausality violation in the dual gravitational description. However, since the transport properties of the system characterize its infrared dynamics, while the causality of the theory is determined by its ultraviolet behavior, the link between the viscosity bound and microcausality should not be applicable in theories that undergo low temperature phase transitions. I will discuss an explicit holographic model confirming this fact, in which there is a ``decoupling'' of UV from IR physics.

We discuss the coupling of fermions to holographic superconductors in 3+1 and 4+1 (bulk) dimensions. We do so from a top-down perspective, by considering the reduction of the fermionic sector in recently found consistent truncations of type IIB and D=11 supergravity on squashed Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, which notably retain a finite number of charged (massive) modes. The truncations in question also include the string/M-theory embeddings of various models which have been proposed to describe systems with non-relativistic scale invariance via holography. We show that the lower-dimensional effective action for the fermion modes includes certain interactions that had been discussed in bottom-up constructions, as well as a variety of new couplings that may be relevant for applications of holographic techniques to the study of condensed matter systems

We analyze the delta = 2 Tomimatsu-Sato spacetime in the context of the proposed Kerr/CFT correspondence. This 4-dimensional vacuum spacetime is asymptotically flat and has a well-defined ADM mass and angular momentum, but also involves several exotic features including a naked ring singularity, and two disjoint Killing horizons separated by a region with closed timelike curves and a rod-like conical singularity. We demonstrate that the near horizon geometry belongs to a general class of Ricci-flat metrics with SL(2,R) X U(1) symmetry that includes both the extremal Kerr and extremal Kerr-bolt geometries. We calculate the central charge and temperature for the CFT dual to this spacetime and confirm the Cardy formula reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. We find that all of the basic parameters of the dual CFT are most naturally expressed in terms of charges defined intrinsically on the horizon, which are distinct from the ADM charges in this geometry.

The dynamics of fluids is a long standing challenge that remained as an unsolved problem for centuries. Understanding its main features, chaos and turbulence, is likely to provide an understanding of the principles and non-linear dynamics of a large class of systems far from equilibrium. We consider a conceptually new viewpoint to study these features using black hole dynamics. Since the gravitational field is characterized by a curved geometry, the gravity variables provide a geometrical framework for studying the dynamics of fluids: A geometrization of turbulence. We present new experimental predictions for relativsitic and non-relativistic turbulent flows and for heavy ion collisions.

The dynamics of fluids is a long standing challenge that remained as an unsolved problem for centuries. Understanding its main features, chaos and turbulence, is likely to provide an understanding of the principles and non-linear dynamics of a large class of systems far from equilibrium. We consider a conceptually new viewpoint to study these features using black hole dynamics. Since the gravitational field is characterized by a curved geometry, the gravity variables provide a geometrical framework for studying the dynamics of fluids: A geometrization of turbulence. We present new experimental predictions for relativsitic and non-relativistic turbulent flows and for heavy ion collisions.

The dynamics of fluids is a long standing challenge that remained as an unsolved problem for centuries. Understanding its main features, chaos and turbulence, is likely to provide an understanding of the principles and non-linear dynamics of a large class of systems far from equilibrium. We consider a conceptually new viewpoint to study these features using black hole dynamics. Since the gravitational field is characterized by a curved geometry, the gravity variables provide a geometrical framework for studying the dynamics of fluids: A geometrization of turbulence. We present new experimental predictions for relativsitic and non-relativistic turbulent flows and for heavy ion collisions.

Single-sector supersymmetry breaking models provide a unified explanation of two of the central mysteries of fundamental physics: the Planck/Weak hierarchy and the masses and mixings of the Standard Model particles. In this class of models, the flavor hierarchy is generated by quark and lepton compositeness, with the composites emerging from the same sector that dynamically breaks supersymmetry. In this seminar I will describe the first calculable, via a weakly coupled dual description, realization of this scenario. In the second part, I will explain how String Theory provides, via the gauge/gravity correspondence, another computational tool for handling the kind of strongly coupled gauge theories that arise in this context.

We discuss holographic duals of strongly interacting gauge theories which show properties of p-wave superfluids which in addition to an Abelian symmetry also break the spatial rotational symmetry. The gravity duals of these superfluid states are black hole solutions with a vector hair which we construct in a non-Abelian Einstein-Yang-Mills theory and in the D3/D7 brane setup. The latter allows us to identify the dual field theory explicitly. After we constructed the vector hair state we study the conductivity and shear viscosity which is non-universal due to the breaking of the rotational symmetry.

This talk will focus on hypermultiplet moduli spaces of various N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories in (3+1)d. In the first part of the talk, we discuss the moduli space of instantons on C^2. For the classical groups, the ADHM construction of the moduli space can be realised on the Higgs branch of N=2 gauge theories on D3-branes probing D7-branes. No known construction is available for exceptional groups. We go over the computation of Hilbert series for the one instanton moduli space and show that it is possible to count all chiral operators on the moduli space even though a Lagrangian is not known for exceptional gauge groups. In the second part, we discuss a class of N=2 gauge theories on two M5-branes wrapping Riemann surfaces. This talk will go over Hilbert series for the hypermultiplet moduli space of such theories and show that it is possible to count all chiral operators on the hypermultiplet moduli space for any genus and any number of punctures of the Riemann surface.

We give a detailed derivation of a supersymmetric configuration of wrapped D5-branes on a two-cycle of a warped resolved conifold. Our analysis reveals that the resolved conifold should support a non-Kahler metric with an SU(3) structure. We use this as a starting point of the geometric transition in type IIB theory. A mirror, and a subsequent flop transition using an intermediate M-theory configuration with a G2 structure, gives rise to the complete IR geometric transition in type IIA theory. A further mirror transformation gives the type IIB gravity dual of the IR gauge theory on the wrapped D5-branes. Expectedly non-Kahler deformations of the resolved and the deformed conifolds appear as the gravity duals of the confining gauge theories in type IIA and type IIB theories respectively, although in more generic cases these manifolds could also be non-geometric. In the local limit we reproduce precisely the scenarios presented in our earlier works. Our present work should therefore be viewed as providing a supergravity proof of geometric transitions in the full global scenarios in type II theories.

In this talk I shall describe a general formalism based on $AdS_2/CFT_1$ correspondence that allows us to systematically calculate the entropy, index and other physical observables of an extremal black hole taking into account higher derivative and quantum corrections to the action. I shall also describe precise microscopic computation of the same quantities for a class of supersymmetric extremal black holes and compare this with the prediction of $AdS_2/CFT_1$ correspondence.

In this talk I shall describe a general formalism based on $AdS_2/CFT_1$ correspondence that allows us to systematically calculate the entropy, index and other physical observables of an extremal black hole taking into account higher derivative and quantum corrections to the action. I shall also describe precise microscopic computation of the same quantities for a class of supersymmetric extremal black holes and compare this with the prediction of $AdS_2/CFT_1$ correspondence.