Search Talks

QFT's remarkable success lies in its ability to yield precise predictions through e.g. scattering amplitudes, capturing the essence of running couplings in a gauge-invariant manner. However, the introduction of gravity disrupts this straightforward notion of momentum dependence, posing a significant challenge to our theoretical framework. Enter form factors—an ingenious concept that extends the idea of momentum dependence to the curved spacetime of quantum gravity. They form the central ingredient when discussing quantum gravity in a QFT language. Furthermore, within an effective action, form factors offer a unifying language, allowing us to compare and contrast different quantum gravity approaches apples-to-apples. I will give an overview of the ideas underlying form factors, their application to scattering problems, and their potential to put different approaches on the same footing.

In the context of perturbative quantum field theory (QFT), the addition of quadratic-curvature invariants to the Einstein-Hilbert action makes it possible to achieve strict renormalizability in four dimensions. This theory exhibits unusual features due to an additional massive spin-2 ghost which, in general, may cause instabilities. In the first part of this talk, we focus on the possibility of giving up locality as a way to avoid ghost-like degrees of freedom and provide a critical assessment on open questions in nonlocal theories of gravity, such as the uniqueness problem. In the second part of the talk, we take a step back and argue that, despite the presence of the ghost and actually thanks to it, Quadratic Gravity can still provide a consistent local perturbative QFT description of the gravitational interaction and explain new physics beyond Einstein's general relativity, e.g., it offers a natural explanation for the inflationary phase. Finally, we argue that a type of nonlocality in gravity can still occur non-perturbatively and show that a new lower bound on scattering amplitudes indicates that the gravitational interaction is intrinsically nonlocal if black holes form.

Anomaly of global symmetry is an important tool to study dynamics of quantum systems. In recent years, new non-invertible global symmetries are discovered in many quantum systems such as the 2d Ising model, Standard Model like theories, and lattice models. I will discuss constraints on the dynamics in 3+1d systems using anomalies of non-invertible symmetries from the perspective of bulk-boundary correspondence. The discussion is based on the work https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11706 with Clay Cordova and Carolyn Zhang.

---

Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99162815973?pwd=M01nZXJIN2tCRjhuZlljNU1id01XQT09

Low mass galaxies challenge our picture of galaxy formation and are an intriguing laboratory for the study of star formation, feedback and dark matter physics. I will present results from high resolution, cosmological simulations that contain many (isolated) dwarf galaxies [the MARVEL dwarfs] as well as satellite dwarf galaxies [the DC Justice League]. Together, they create the largest collection of high-resolution simulated dwarf galaxies to date and the first flagship suite to resolve ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in multiple environments. This sample spans a wide range of physical (stellar and halo mass), and evolutionary properties (merger history). I will present results and predictions constraining star formation, feedback and dark matter physics soon testable by telescopes like JWST, Rubin's LSST and the Roman Space Telescope. Finally, I will present new work on measuring galaxy shapes and the diversity of rotation curves in the dwarf galaxy mass regime which may be used to distinguish dark matter model.

---

Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99038411436?pwd=OFd1SEdUUXJkd0NLeWtrTUxGR0FCUT09

A scalar field theory with 4-derivative kinetic terms and 4-derivative cubic and quartic couplings is presented as a proxy for quadratic gravity. Unitarity and positivity appear as the key issues in the scalar field theory, just as they do in quadratic gravity. We have extended some calculations to show how these issues are resolved in the high energy limit of the theory. The results also show how it is that differential cross sections can have good high energy behaviour.

Based on quantitative results on quantum observables in a Planckian regime, I will argue that using dynamical lattices `a la CDT to construct and explore the nonperturbative path integral over Lorentzian geometries is a bona-fide quantum field-theoretic "method" rather than an "approach" to quantum gravity. Its most important features are universality, unitarity and the presence of powerful numerical tools to directly simulate and measure a chunk of quantum spacetime of about 20 Planck lengths across. This small observational window is a preferred place to look for clues to what quantum gravity is all about. Despite the diffeomorphism-invariant and nonlocal character of the observables, qualitatively new and surprising UV properties have already been discovered, and compatibility checks with semiclassical expectations for several cosmological observables ("classical limit") have been performed successfully. The underlying new mathematics is that of random geometry and beyond-Riemannian geometry.

In my talk, I'll review the key idea underlying asymptotically safe quantum gravity, before giving an overview of the current status and open questions. I'll then spotlight three challenges. The first challenge is how to test quantum gravity and I'll advocate that by linking quantum gravity to particle physics and cosmology, we can probe quantum gravity at all scales. The second challenge is how to connect to other ideas about quantum spacetime and I'll discuss effective asymptotic safety as a way to link to, e.g., string theory. The third challenge is the status of global symmetries and I'll discuss what we know about the preservation of global symmetries in asymptotic safety and what this implies for a broader perspective on the question. --- The presenter will be joining via Zoom for this talk.

The Celestial Holography program encompasses recent efforts to understand the flat space hologram in terms of a CFT living on the celestial sphere. A key development instigating these efforts came from understanding how soft limits of scattering encode infinite dimensional symmetry enhancements corresponding to the asymptotic symmetry group of the bulk spacetime. Historically, the construction of the bulk-boundary dual pair has followed bottom up approach matching symmetries on both sides. Recently, however, there has been exciting progress in formulating top down descriptions using insights from twisted holography. We review salient aspects of the celestial construction, the status of the dictionary, and active research directions.

At first sight, it seems that almost any QFT, seen as a low-energy effective field theory (EFT), can be coupled to gravity -- simply add an Einstein-Hilbert term, change all derivatives by covariant ones, and you're done. However, a growing body of evidence coming from String Theory compactifications, general properties of black hole evaporation, and rigorous results in holography, suggests that the opposite is true. We can work out the hidden constraints that quantum gravity consistency imposes in the matter sector systematically, an approach that receives the colourful name of "The Swampland Program". I will briefly review the program, its motivation, current results, and long-term goals.