Colloquium

Presented as part of the SciComm Collider 2 workshop.
All PI Residents are invited. 

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A colloquium featuring 2 perspectives on science communication.

Tatiana Erukhimova - Making Physics Fun and Approachable
Matthew Strassler - The Challenge of Communicating Physics Accessibly, Clearly and Accurately

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Presented as part of the SciComm Collider 2 workshop.
All PI Residents are invited. 

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While scientists and journalists have many overlapping interests and skills, they often differ in their goals, resources, and expertise. This talk covers strategies, tips, and approaches researchers can use to make their interactions with writers and journalists rewarding and enjoyable. It will also cover ideas about pitching and writing for popular science and mainstream media publications. This session will be as interactive as possible, so feel free to bring your questions, concerns, and ideas.

Speaker Bio:
Patchen Barss is a Toronto-based science journalist and author. He has designed and run many workshops and training sessions for scientists and other researchers engaging in media relations and public engagement.

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This colloquium is presented in collaboration with the Foundations of Quantum Computational Advantage conference. 

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Abstract TBA

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Ground states as well as Gibbs states of many-body quantum Hamiltonians have been studied extensively since the inception of quantum mechanics. In contrast, the landscape of many-body quantum states that are not in thermal equilibrium is relatively less explored. In this talk I will discuss some of the recent progress in understanding decohered or dissipative quantum many-body states. One of the key ideas I will employ is that of "separability", i.e., whether a mixed state can be expressed as an ensemble of short-range entangled pure states. I will discuss several quantum phase transitions in topological phases of matter subjected to Markovian environmental noise from a separability viewpoint, and argue that such a framework also subsumes our understanding of pure quantum states as well as Gibbs states. Time permitting, I will also provide a brief overview of quantum spin-systems subjected to non-Markovian noise originating from an electronic bath, and discuss a new critical phase of matter where quantum coherence coexists with dissipation.

References: 2307.13889, 2309.11879, 2310.07286

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In this talk I show how simple ideas motivated from the Swampland program, lead to concrete predictions for our universe.  These include predictions for particle physics and cosmology.  I also discuss some experimental predictions for these ideas.

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The interplay of quantum fluctuations and interactions can yield novel quantum phases of matter with fascinating properties. Understanding the physics of such systems is a very challenging problem as it requires to solve quantum many body problems—which are generically exponentially hard to solve on classical computers. In this context, universal quantum computers are potentially an ideal setting for simulating the emergent quantum many-body physics. In this talk, I will discuss two different classes of quantum phases: First, we consider symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases and show that a topological phase transitions can be simulated using shallow circuits. We then utilize quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs) as classifiers and introduce an efficient framework to train them. Second, we focus on the realization of topological ordered phases and simulate the braiding of anyons. Taking into account additional symmetries, we then investigate phase transitions between different symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases.

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A fundamental result in solid-state physics asserts that a crystalline material cannot be insulating unless the number of electrons per unit cell is an integer. Statements of this nature are immensely powerful because they are sensitive only to the general structure of the system and not to the microscopic details of the interactions. Such "kinematic constraints" have been extensively generalized in contemporary times, commonly under the term "quantum anomaly”. In this colloquium, I will first review some basic aspects of anomaly constraints in many-body quantum physics. Subsequently, I will demonstrate, through several recent examples, the significant role of quantum anomaly in constraining, understanding, and even unveiling novel quantum phases of matter.

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We investigate the recently found \cite{migdal2023exact} reduction of decaying turbulence in the Navier-Stokes equation in $3 + 1$ dimensions to a  Number Theory problem of finding the statistical limit of the Euler ensemble.
We reformulate the Euler ensemble as a Markov chain and show the equivalence of this formulation to the quantum statistical theory of free fermions on a ring, with an external field related to the random fractions of $\pi$. 

We find the solution of this system in the statistical limit $N\to \infty$ in terms of a complex trajectory (instanton) providing a saddle point to the path integral over the charge density of these fermions.

This results in an analytic formula for the observable correlation function of vorticity in wavevector space. This is a full solution of decaying turbulence from the first principle without assumptions, approximations, or fitted parameters.
We compute resulting integrals in \Mathematica{} and present effective indexes for the energy decay as a function of time Fig.\ref{fig::NPlot} and the energy spectrum as a function of the wavevector at fixed time Fig.\ref{fig::SPIndex}. 

In particular, the asymptotic value of the effective index in energy decay $n(\infty) = \frac{7}{4}$, but the universal function $n(t)$ is neither constant nor linear.

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Rich clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitational magnifiers in the Universe. One of the most interesting gravitational lensing phenomena arises when background galaxies overlap with the lensing caustics cast by the cluster lens, such that a portion of it is tremendously magnified by hundreds to even thousands fold. As a result, Nature’s most luminous classes of stars have been individually or collectively detected by space telescopes from cosmological distances. Quantitatively studying their behavior will enable us to probe an impressive hierarchy of fine mass structures inside the lens: from star-free sub-galactic cold dark matter halos, to intracluster stars, and to even minuscule dark matter clumps predicted in many of the particle physics models of the dark matter. I will talk about what we have theoretically understood about the extremely magnified stars, what latest observational advances there are, and what unique constraints on dark matter micro-structures can be derived.

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Gravity creates space-time boundaries that limit observables without limiting the flow of energy and information. This means that quantum systems in cosmology are often open systems: to describe them we must include the effects of interaction with an unobservable environment. In many cosmological settings, different observers see different parts of the spacetime; the ensemble of the open systems for each observer makes up the full cosmology. In this talk I will introduce a class of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems constructed to mimic some key features of cosmology and demonstrate the utility of treating the full system as an ensemble of open systems. I will use these models to illustrate the possible connections between cosmological open quantum systems and thermodynamics, as well as open-systems-inspired ways to think about locality.

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Significant advancements in our understanding of the physical world have been driven by increasingly precise atomic spectroscopy. The level of accessible precision entered a new realm with the advent of laser cooling and trapping. Now we can extend the ultrahigh spectroscopic precision, or atomic clock technology, to more complex quantum particles like diatomic molecules. The ability to quantify molecular degrees of freedom, such as nuclear vibrations, with nearly atomic-clock precision illuminates their previously hidden properties. Moreover, it suggests possibilities to leverage this precision for probing fundamental aspects of physical interactions, including enhanced tests of Newtonian gravity at the nanometer scale.

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