Cosmology

Using the general structure of the vacuum polarization tensor at non-zero temperature T and finite magnetic field B, the ring contribution to QED effective potential is determined beyond the static (zero momentum) limit. In the limit of weak magnetic field and at high temperature, the improved ring potential consists of a term proportional to T4®5=2, in ad-dition to the well-known T4®3=2 term. In the limit of strong magnetic field, where QED dynamics is dominated by the lowest Landau level (LLL), the ring potential consists of a novel term proportional to 2¼eB m2 ln ¡2®¼ eB m2 ¢. Using the full effective potential including both the one-loop effective and the improved ring potentials, QED gap equation is determined and the dynamical fermion mass generation is studied in the regime of LLL dominance at non-zero temperature. It is shown that at high temperature limit, where the thermal fluctuations dominate the magnetic catalysis of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in LLL, a chiral symmetry restoration occurs at certain critical temperature Tc. But, comparing to Tc in the static limit, the critical temperature arising from the improved ring potential is lower.The improved ring contribution is also relevant in studying the electroweak phase transition in the presence of external (strong) magnetic fields [1]. PACS numbers: 11.10.Wx, 11.15.Ex, 12.38.Gc

In this talk we will focus on the supergravity duals of BPS states in N=4 Super Yang-Mills. In particular, we will describe how one can obtain a universal AdS bubbling picture for 1/4 and 1/8 BPS geometries, in analogy with the well-established 1/2 BPS droplet picture of LLM. In addition, we will show how interactions of two-matrix (1/4 BPS) states can be understood in terms of those of the much simpler single matrix (1/2 BPS) states.

We point out that the strong CP problem can be resolved by the anthropic principle. The key ideas are to allow explicit breaking(s) of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry which connects the problem to the cosmological constant problem, and to conjecture that the probability distribution of the vacuum energy in the landscape is hierarchical. The axion acquires a large mass from the explicit breaking, and does not contribute to the dark matter abundance. The axion may dominate the energy density of the universe after inflation and reheat the universe by the decay, possibly generating the density perturbations. On the other hand, the axion can be integrated out during inflation, if the explicit breaking is strong enough. All the cosmological problems of the (s)axion with a large Peccei-Quinn scale can be solved.

Many modified gravity schemes predict a non-zero difference (``gravitational slip\'\') between the Newtonian and longitudinal perturbed metric potentials. Such a slip would affect the growth of large scale structure without altering the expansion history of the universe. We quantify the slip with a new parameter varpi, show the effect of non-zero varpi on the growth of cosmic overdensities, and constrain its value using CMB and weak lensing data.

I will discuss recent results from the Cosmic Shear component of the CFHT Legacy Survey. These results reach very large scales, allowing a measurement of poper spectrum of matter fluctuations in the linear regime, and of cosmological parameters.

Moduli stabilization, SUSY breaking and flavor structure are discussed in 5D gauged supergravity models with two vector-multiplet moduli fields. One modulus field makes the fermion mass hierarchy while the other is relevant to the SUSY breaking mediation. We analyse the potential for the moduli from the viewpoint of the 4D effective theory to obtain the stabilized values of the moduli and their F-terms.

We study the necessary and sufficient topological conditions for general Calabi-Yaus to get a non-supersymmetric AdS exponentially large volume minimum of the scalar potential in flux compactifications of IIB string theory. It turns out that string loop corrections play a crucial role to realise exponentially large volume minima for fibration Calabi-Yaus and to stabilise 4-cycles which support chiral matter. The robustness of these results is due to the \'extended no-scale structure\': for arbitrary Calabi-Yaus, the leading contribution of these corrections to the scalar potential is always vanishing. We use the Coleman-Weinberg potential to motivate this cancellation from the viewpoint of low-energy field theory.

An electroweak singlet coupling through the Higgs portal has a natural mass scale $m_Ssim m_h$. In this mass range its annihilation cross section is dominated by proximity to the $W$, $Z$ and Higgs peaks. Analysis of the $gamma$ ray signal from electroweak singlet annihilation in the mass range $80,mathrm{GeV}