Quantum Fields and Strings

Based on 2203.09537. In the context of toy models of holography arising from 3d Chern-Simons theory, I will describe an approach in which, rather than summing over bulk geometries, one gauges a one-form global symmetry of the bulk theory. This ensures that the bulk theory has no global symmetries, and it makes the partition function on spacetimes with boundaries coincide with that of a modular-invariant 2d CFT on the boundary. In particular, on wormhole geometries one finds a factorized answer for the partition function.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91694973383?pwd=VWFCZWxtdy9GczUrN1JFc2xMVUhmdz09

I will discuss the large-N limit of two-dimensional symmetric product orbifolds. The goal is to single out which symmetric product orbifold theory could lead to a strongly coupled theory, whose dual could be a semi-classical theory of AdS_3 gravity, by quantifying the large-N limit of the BPS spectrum and the behaviour under exactly marginal deformations. From this analysis, I will propose an infinite family of new holographic CFTs.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99948208493?pwd=RDRYclc2a05kMmNZL3ZhMWxMdWdNUT09

We suggest a framework for cosmology based on gravitational effective field theories with a negative fundamental cosmological constant, which may exhibit accelerated expansion due to the positive potential energy of rolling scalar fields. The framework postulates an exact time-reversal symmetry of the quantum state (with a time-symmetric big bang / big crunch background cosmology) and an analyticity property that relates cosmological observables to observables in a Euclidean gravitational theory defined with a pair of asymptotically AdS planar boundaries. The latter can be given a microscopic definition using holography, so the model is UV complete. While it is not yet clear whether the framework can give realistic predictions, it has the potential to resolve various naturalness puzzles without the need for inflation.

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The volume of the interior of a two-sided eternal black hole classically grows forever. I will derive a microscopic formula for this volume in JT gravity by summing the non-perturbative contribution of higher topologies. The non-perturbative corrections lead to the saturation of the volume of the interior at times exponential in the entropy of the black hole. I will connect the microscopic formula for the volume with properties of a "thermo-averaged" density matrix, in particular with its second Renyi entropy, which I argue to measure the number of nearly orthogonal states visited by time evolution. I will discuss various problems with this interpretation.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99880539557?pwd=VWZiMFI5Rk5pdnNZRE5kalRvUk1Zdz09

JT gravity in AdS was shown by Saad, Shenker and Stanford to be described by a matrix ensemble of random hamiltonians. We couple JT to a bulk scalar field and extend the matrix ensemble to include a second matrix, dual to the scalar field. We therefore consider a 2-matrix model that can be thought of as a (better defined) generalization of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypotheses: it is a coupled matrix model of a random hamiltonian and a random operator. The 2-matrix model has an interesting integrability structure: correlation functions are expressed via SL(2,R) 6j-symbols that obey unlacing rules and Yang-Baxter equations. We compute the two-sided 2-point function on the double-trumpet geometry from the matrix model and find agreement with the matter loop contribution in the bulk. Based on work in progress with Jafferis, Kolchmeyer and Sonner.

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I will describe 4pt conformal blocks for scalar operators in diverse dimensions by using a single unified formalism, and explain a property of the conformal blocks known as stability. This stability implies that when writing conformal blocks as certain multivariate series, the coefficients of this expansion only depend on Young diagrams. In particular, we can bosonise the conformal computation and simply focus on compact groups. In this framework the blocks are polynomials of the BC root system after we apply complementation. I will then explain the connection with mathematics and show how to formulate a superconformal Cauchy identity which yields the CPW of any free theory diagram in any dimension. For discussion, I will finally mention q-deformations results.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96912692269?pwd=TE8vT01mam9lQjhVV3VSYUtWR2d5Zz09

In this talk, I will discuss the duality between the two-dimensional type 0B string theory and its dual matrix quantum mechanics. This duality has been a source of motivation and a useful toy model to explore many new features of string theory. I will first revisit the computation of closed string scattering amplitudes in string perturbation theory, using new numerical methods to compute Virasoro conformal blocks in 2d supersymmetric conformal field theories. Then, I will describe a worldsheet formalism to include non-perturbative corrections to closed string scattering amplitudes, mediated by D-instantons. This formalism is of general applicability, and can be straightforwardly implemented in other string models. In the type 0B string theory, this will allow us to extend the duality dictionary beyond perturbation theory.

In holographic duality an eternal AdS black hole is described by two copies of the boundary CFT in the thermofield double state. We provide explicit constructions in the boundary theory of infalling time evolutions which can take bulk observers behind the horizon. The constructions also help to illuminate the boundary emergence of the black hole horizons, the interiors, and the associated causal structure. A key element is the emergence, in the large N limit of the boundary theory, of a type III1 von Neumann algebraic structure and the half-sided modular translation structure associated with it.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99458239757?pwd=YTBRdXdwTjltMkdZc0Q4WW1jQjA3QT09

I will describe an approach to extracting the physical consequences of S-duality of four-dimensional N = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) and its string theory dual based on SL(2,Z) spectral theory. I will show that processing S-duality in this way leads to strong consequences for the CFT data, both perturbatively and non-perturbatively in all parameters. In large-N limits, I will argue for the existence and scaling of non-perturbative effects, both at large N and at strong 't Hooft coupling. An elegant benchmark for these techniques is a certain integrated stress-tensor multiplet four-point function, whose form I will elucidate. I will explain how the ensemble average of CFT observables over the N = 4 supersymmetric conformal manifold with respect to the Zamolodchikov measure is cleanly isolated by the spectral decomposition, and will show that the large-N limit of the ensemble average is equal to the strong-coupling limit of the observable in the planar theory, which is its value in type IIB supergravity on AdS_5 x S^5. This embeds an emergent averaged holographic duality within the conventional holographic paradigm.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95197874062?pwd=QU4vbXNNeFVmS0hNbTVLL24wdDBndz09

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96132106700?pwd=L3ZMOXltZks4Y25abUl5TTdhZTVKUT09

Since the advent of holography, a lot of progress has been made in our understanding of quantum gravity in AdS. However less is known of its flat space counterpart, even though quantum gravity was certainly first formulated in flat space. Various programs have emerged since, like Celestial Holography or Carrollian Holography, both formulated in four and higher dimensions which is the closest to reality but makes the computation of highly quantum quantities difficult. I will present a 2d model of flat space gravity in which these difficulties can be tackled. This model is dubbed the "Cangemi — Jackiw model" after the authors of arXiv:9203056. It is a model of flat space gravity that can be reformulated in terms of a boundary action whose solutions are Rindler patches. I will explain how this “boundary graviton” reformulation gives access to fully quantum Euclidean results. In particular we will compute the exact spectrum of the Bondi Hamiltonian and show that it can be non-perturbatively completed by a matrix model. I will also comment on scrambling in flat space.

Based on “From black holes to baby universes in CGHS gravity” with Victor Godet (https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.13422) and an upcoming paper with Arjun Kar, Lampros Lamprou and Felipe Rosso.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95709808325?pwd=QVdFUFZiTHVvMWlDb211U3kxQ0ZkZz09

In this talk I will consider massless scattering from the point of view of the position, momentum, and celestial bases with a view to advancing a holographic principle for asymptotically flat spacetimes. Within the soft sector, these different languages highlight distinct aspects of the 'infrared triangle': quantum field theory soft theorems arise in the limit of vanishing energy, memory effects are described via shifts of fields along retarded time, and celestial symmetry algebras are realized via currents that appear at special values of the conformal dimension. The latter are determined by the global conformal multiplets in celestial CFT referred to as 'celestial diamonds'. These diamonds degenerate beyond the leading universal soft modes and the standard interpretation of the infrared triangle breaks down: we have neither an obvious asymptotic symmetry nor a Goldstone mode but we do have a soft theorem, and hence a version of a memory effect. I will discuss various aspects of celestial CFT surrounding these Goldstone-like, or Goldilocks, modes and their canonically paired memory modes. They play an important role in constraining celestial OPEs and for understanding the interpretation and implications of the (semi-)infinite tower of tree-level symmetry currents which may pose powerful constraints on consistent low energy effective field theories.

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95785822777?pwd=cVJWYVJBS1E3aDJPT1ZSTmlZbzVQQT09