Particle Physics

Cosmic strings arise as remnants of phase transitions in the early Universe, often related to theories of grand unification (GUTs). If such a phase transitions occurs at high energies, the resulting cosmic string network generates a sizable amount of gravitational waves. Most work so far has focused on the gravitational wave signal from topologically stable cosmic strings. In this talk I will introduce metastable cosmic strings, which are a generic consequence of many GUTs. I will discuss how this idea can be probed in various ongoing and upcoming gravitational wave experiments, from pulsar timing arrays to space- and ground-based interferometers. In the final part of my talk I will discuss a recent proposal on using the radio telescopes to probe this and other sources of ultra high frequency gravitational waves.

Abstract: TBD

Zoom Link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96516977019?pwd=WVlpZG5WTTUwbFJVZ2wvcXdNWUR5Zz09

Detecting ultralight axion dark matter has recently become one of the benchmark goals of future direct detection experiments. I will discuss a new idea to detect such particles whose mass is well below the micro-eV scale, corresponding to Compton wavelengths much greater than the typical size of tabletop experiments. The approach involves detecting axion-induced transitions between two quasi-degenerate resonant modes of a superconducting accelerator cavity. Compared to more traditional setups, the sensitivity is parametrically enhanced for ultralight axions, allowing for the exploration of vast new areas of parameter space relevant to the QCD axion and astrophysically long-ranged fuzzy dark matter.

The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab has recently confirmed Brookhaven's earlier measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ. This new result increases the discrepancy Δaμ with the Standard Model (SM) prediction and strengthens its "new physics" interpretation as well as the quest for its underlying origin. In this talk I will review the SM prediction of the muon g-2, focusing on some of the latest developments, and discuss the connection of the discrepancy Δaμ to precision electroweak predictions via their common dependence on hadronic vacuum polarization effects.

It is known that constraints imposed by causality and unitarity of four-particle scattering amplitudes lead to non-trivial requirements on the low energy effective field theory coefficients. We introduce families of linear and nonlinear inequalities resulting from a systematic study of positive geometry structure hidden in those constraints.

The dark photon is a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model which can mix with the regular photon. This mixing is enhanced whenever the dark photon mass matches the primordial plasma frequency, leading to resonant conversions between photons and dark photons. These conversions can produce observable cosmological signatures, including distortions to the cosmic radiation background. In this talk, I will discuss a new analytic formalism for these conversions that can account for the inhomogeneous distribution of matter in our universe, leading to new and revised limits on the mixing parameter of light dark photons derived from the COBE/FIRAS measurement of the cosmic microwave background spectrum. I will then describe some ongoing work on a dark sector model that can explain the longstanding ARCADE radio background excess through resonant conversions of dark photons.

Far-infrared spectroscopy can reveal secrets of galaxy evolution and heavy-element enrichment throughout cosmic time, and astronomers worldwide are designing cryogenic space telescopes for far-IR spectroscopy. The most challenging aspect is a far-IR detector which is both exquisitely sensitive (limited by the zodiacal-light noise in a narrow band (lambda/delta lambda ~1000)) and array able to tens of thousands of pixels. The quantum capacitance detector (QCD) being developed at MDL, is a 50mK device adapted from quantum computing applications in which photon-produced free electrons in a superconductor tunnel into a small capacitive island embedded in a resonant circuit. The QCD has optically-measured noise equivalent power (NEP) of 2x10-20 W Hz-1/2 at 1.5THz under 10-19W of optical loading, making it the most sensitive far-IR detector ever demonstrated. The QCD has further demonstrated individual far-IR photon counting, confirming the exquisite sensitivity and suitability for cryogenic space astrophysics. In this lecture, the development of the Quantum Capacitance detector will be highlighted, from inception through proof of concept devices, culminating with the demonstration of single photon detection. Current development efforts will be discussed.

In this talk I will discuss the application of the so-called “consistency relations” for large scale structures to the study of primordial non-Gaussianities of the local f_NL type. I will first introduce the consistency relations themselves, commenting on some important aspects and underlying assumptions. I will then verify them (and their violation) using N-body simulations for the matter density in the Universe. This proves consistency relations to be a promising tool to apply in the forthcoming large scale structures surveys. I will conclude describing some work in progress aimed at finding a practical recipe to constrain f_NL from these relations.

It has been proposed that microscopic black holes can catalyze decay of metastable false vacuum. The calculations of the decay rate existing in the literature make use of the Euclidean time formalism developed for equilibrium configurations. This is not the case, however, for a realistic black hole formed by gravitational collapse and emitting Hawking radiation. I will review the motivations to study black hole catalysis of vacuum decay, propose a general method to calculate the decay rate, and illustrate it on a two-dimensional toy model.

Following the recommendation of the Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics and in view of rising interest shown in the US Snowmass process, a new International Muon Collider Collaboration is forming, hosted at CERN. The presentation will introduce the muon collider concept, the reason for the renewed interest and the main challenges and opportunities.

From dark matter to the strong CP problem to the dynamics behind the weak scale, a variety of observations make for a compelling case that the Standard Model is an incomplete description of subatomic physics. Yet none of these puzzles provides unambiguous guidance on how we should proceed to find what comes next.

I will argue that this state of affairs calls for a multi-directional strategy in our quest for physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model. Only a combination of new theoretical developments and original ideas, confronted with the vast array of experiments at our disposal, will provide us with the big picture we need to move beyond.

Models of Dark Matter (DM) can leave unique imprints on the Universe's small scale structure by boosting density perturbations on small scales. We study the capability of Pulsar Timing Arrays to search for, and constrain, subhalos from such models. The models of DM we consider are ordinary adiabatic perturbations in ΛCDM, QCD axion miniclusters, models with early matter domination, and vector DM produced during inflation.