Mathematical Physics

This is practice for a talk at Berkeley, so it will involve explaining stuff many people here probably already know.  I'll try to summarize what I've learned about 3 dimensional N=4 supersymmetric quantum field theories, their twists and how these manifest in terms of interesting objects in mathematics.  If nothing else, hopefully there will be some comedy value in my attempt.  

In a synthetic approach to geometry and physics, one attempts to formulate an axiomatic system in purely logical terms, abstracting away from irrelevant "implementation details". In this talk, I will explain how intuitionistic logic and topos theory provide a synthetic theory of space, and then consider a (naive version of) Euclidean QFTs in terms of a conjectural elegant synthetic reformulation: a Euclidean QFT is nothing but a probability space in intuitionistic logic, extended by suitable modalities formalizing compact regions of space. Time permitting, I will sketch how this approach is roughly dual to AQFT, and/or how to define vacua in terms of the DLR equations. I am also hoping for feedback on how naive this approach really is in the light of renormalization.

The Heisenberg algebra plays a vital role in many areas of mathematics and physics.  We will describe a family of quantum Heisenberg categories, depending on a choice of central charge, that categorify this algebra.  When the central charge is nonzero, these categories act on modules for cyclotomic quotients of the affine Hecke algebra.  In central charge zero, we obtain an affinization of the HOMFLY-PT skein category, which acts on modules for $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_n)$.  We will also discuss how the categories can be generalized by adding a Frobenius superalgebra into the construction.  This is joint work with Jon Brundan and Ben Webster.

Principal bundles and their moduli have been important in various aspects of physics and geometry for many decades. It is perhaps not so well-known that a substantial portion of the original motivation for studying them came from number theory, namely the study of Diophantine equations. I will describe a bit of this history and some recent developments.

I discuss a geometric interpretation of the twisted indexes of 3d (softly broken) $\cN=4$ gauge theories on $S^1 \times \Sigma$ where $\Sigma$ is a closed genus $g$ Riemann surface, mainly focussing on quivers with unitary gauge groups. The path integral localises to a moduli space of solutions to generalised vortex equations on $\Sigma$, which can be understood algebraically as quasi-maps to the Higgs branch. I demonstrate that the twisted indexes computed in previous work reproduce the virtual Euler characteristic of the moduli spaces of twisted quasi-maps. I investigate 3d $\cN=4$ mirror symmetry in this context, which implies an equality of enumerative invariants associated to mirror pairs of Higgs branches under the exchange of equivariant and degree counting parameters. I will conclude with some remarks about how holomorphic Morse theory can be used to access the spaces of supersymmetric ground states in limits where $\cN=4$ supersymmetry is fully restored. These spaces of ground states may be related to the spaces of conformal blocks for the VOAs introduced by Costello and Gaiotto.

I will review the geometric approach to the description of Coulomb branches and Chern-Simons terms of gauge theories coming from compactifications of M-theory on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds. Mathematically, this involves finding all the crepant resolutions of a given Weierstrass model and understanding the network of flops connecting them together with computing certain topological invariants. I will further check that the uplifted theory in 6d is anomaly-free using Green-Schwartz mechanism. I will give examples on the theory with semi-simple gauge groups such as SU(2)xG2, which plays a major role in the classification of 6d superconformal theories, and SU(2)xSU(3), which describes the non-abelian sector of the standard model.

The Heisenberg algebra plays an important role in many areas of mathematics and physics. Khovanov constructed a categorical analogue of this algebra which emphasizes its connections to representation theory and combinatorics. Recently, Brundan, Savage, and Webster have shown that the Grothendieck group of this category is isomorphic to the Heisenberg algebra. However, applying an alternative decategorification functor called the trace to the Heisenberg category yields a richer structure: a W-algebra, an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra related to conformal field theory. In this talk, we will describe recent work extending this latter result to a generalized version of the Heisenberg category associated to an arbitrary graded Frobenius algebra F. The decategorifications of this Frobenius Heisenberg category conjecturally provide connections to alternative Heisenberg algebras and W-algebras associated to the algebra F. This is joint work with Alistair Savage (University of Ottawa).

This seminar will be a continued discussion on the topic of last week's seminar: 

I will describe some general mathematical structures expected to arise from field theories with boundary conditions in terms of factorization algebras, and outline some results and future directions in the study of boundary chiral algebras for 3d N=4 theories following the work of Costello and Gaiotto.

Given by Dylan Butson.

I will describe some general mathematical structures expected to arise from field theories with boundary conditions in terms of factorization algebras, and outline some results and future directions in the study of boundary chiral algebras for 3d N=4 theories following the work of Costello and Gaiotto.

Bernstein operators are vertex operators that create and annihilate Schur polynomials. These operators play a significant role in the mathematical formulation of the Boson-Fermion correspondence due to Kac and Frenkel. The role of this correspondence in mathematical physics has been widely studied as it bridges the actions of the infinite Heisenberg and Clifford algebras on Fock space. Cautis and Sussan conjectured a categorification of this correspondence within the framework of Khovanov's Heisenberg category. I will discuss how to categorify the Bernstein operators and settle the Cautis-Sussan conjecture, thus proving a categorical Boson-Fermion correspondence.

The elliptic quantum (toroidal) group U_{q,p}(g) is an elliptic and dynamical analogue of the Drinfeld realization 
of the affine quantum (toroidal) group U_q(g). I will discuss an interesting connection of its representations with 
a geometry such as an identification of the elliptic weight functions derived by using  the vertex operators with 
the elliptic stable envelopes in [Aganagic-  Okounkov ’16] and correspondence between the Gelfand-Tsetlin bases 
of a finite dimensional representation of U_{q,p} with the fixed point classes in the equivariant elliptic cohomology.