Scientific Series

This talk presents some recent results in renormalizable noncommutative quantum field theory. After introducing the renormalization group approach in the commutative setting I will procede to its generalization to the simplest noncommutative model, $phi_4^{star 4}$ on the Moyal space. The well known phenomenon of ultraviolet/infrared mixing is cured by adding a harmonic potential term to the free action. Under the new renormalization group, adapted to the noncommutative geometry, this model turns out to be renormalizable to all orders in perturbation theory. Moreover it is {f asymptotically safe} at all orders in perturbation theory. The consequences of this results are discussed.

What does a fractional quantum Hall liquid and Kitaev\'s proposals for topological quantum computation have in common? It turns out that they are physical systems that exhibit degenerate ground states with properties seemingly different than ordinary (Landau-type) vacua, such as the ground states of a Heisenberg magnet. For example, those (topologically quantum ordered)states cannot be characterized by (local) order parameters such as magnetization. How does one characterize this new order? I will present a unifying framework which will allow us to engineer physical systems displaying topological quantum order. What are the physical properties of these new orders? How robust are they to temperature effects? What are they useful for? Topologically quantum ordered states of matter seem to be ideal physical systems to store and manipulate quantum information since they are believed to be robust against decoherence with an environment, and thus appropriate for building a quantum computer and quantum memories. I will discuss the role of temperature in the protection of quantum information. Have we finally found a technological application for quantum Hall liquids?

The theory of Quantum Mechanics requires \'completeness\', that is, we need to know the complete set of physically allowed states before we can reliably compute quantum mechanical amplitudes. Among these possible states are microscopic black holes, since they are valid solutions to Einstein\'s equations for the gravitational force. However, a quantum description of black holes requires a drastic revision of our notions of space and time, in particular if we were to accept the interpretation of their microstates as given by superstring theories. The logical foundations of our physical world view are touched upon here. A natural sounding solution of our problems here could come from a re-interpretation of what quantum mechanics really is. The first thing to dispose of should be all references to \'magic\' and \'mystery\' when dealing with quantum mechanics or string theory.

Wigner-Dirac relativistic quantum theory is applied to decay laws of an unstable particle in different reference frames. It is shown that decay slows down from the point of view of the moving observer, as expected. However, small deviations from Einstein\'s time dilation formula are also found. The origin of these deviations is discussed, as well as possibilities for their experimental detection.

We study the effective field theory of inflation, i.e. the most general theory describing the fluctuations around a quasi de Sitter background, in the case of single field models. The scalar mode can be eaten by the metric by going to unitary gauge. In this gauge, the most general theory is built with the lowest dimension operators invariant under spatial diffeomorphisms, like g^{00} and K_{mu nu}, the extrinsic curvature of constant time surfaces. This approach allows us to characterize all the possible high energy corrections to simple slow-roll inflation, whose sizes are constrained by experiments. Also, it describes in a common language all single field models, including those with a small speed of sound and Ghost Inflation, and it makes explicit the implications of having a quasi de Sitter background. The non-linear realization of time diffeomorphisms forces correlation among different observables, like a reduced speed of sound and an enhanced level of non-Gaussianity.

I will review an old (Greenberg and Schweber, 1958) and undeservedly forgotten idea in quantum field theory. This idea allows one to reformulate QFT as a Hamiltonian theory of physical (rather than bare) particles and their direct interactions. The dressed particle approach is scattering-equivalent to the traditional one, however it doesn\'t require renormalization and may provide a valuable tool for calculations of wave functions of bound states and time evolution.

Explorations of the possibility that the quark masses, and more generally the particle mass spectra, could be dynamically generated in the context of massless QCD will be presented. The basic idea is that the large degeneracy of the free massless QCD could lead to a large quark condensate and its corresponding mass. Under the presence of this very massive quark, the other five ones could acquire smaller masses as argued by Fritzsch in his Democratic Symmetry Breaking scheme. Further, the lepton and neutrinos could get their masses through their interaction with quarks mediated by radiative corrections. In this case the stronger electromagnetic corrections could imply the larger lepton masses with respect to the neutrino ones, since these are only weakly interacting with the quarks.

The Hamiltonian of traditionally adopted detector models features out of diagonal elements between the vacuum and the one particle states of the field to be detected. We argue that reasonably good detectors, when written in terms of fundamental fields, have a more trivial response on the vacuum. In particular, the model configuration ``detector in its ground state + vacuum of the field\' generally corresponds to a stable bound state of the underlying theory (e.g. the hydrogen atom in a suitable QED with electrons and protons) and therefore should be also an eigenstate of the model Hamiltonian. As a concrete example, we study a consistent ``fundamental\' toy field theory where a stable particle can capture a light quantum and form a quasi-stable state. To such stable particle correspond eigenstates of the full theory, as is shown explicitly by using a dressed particle formalism at first order in perturbation theory. We then write the corresponding Hamiltonian for a model detector (at rest) where the stable particle and the quasi-stable configurations correspond to the two internal levels, ``ground\' and ``excited\', of the detector. The accelerated version of this Hamiltonian is inevitably model dependent emph{i.e.} it will generally depend on how the stable particle/detector is forced along the accelerated trajectory. However, in its most basic version, the accelerated detector doesn\'t see Unruh radiation.