Talks

There are many results showing that the probability of entanglement is high for large dimensions. Recently, Arveson showed that the probability of entanglement is zero when the rank of a bipartite state is no larger than half the dimension of the smaller space. We show that that the probability of entanglement is zero when the rank of a bipartite state is no larger than half the maximum of the rank of its two reduced density matrices. Our approach is quite different from that of Arveson and uses a different measure. But both approaches show that the separable states lie in a lower dimensional manifold given a reasonable parameterization of the separable states. This is joint work with Elisabeth Werner, using on characterizations of the extreme points of qubit channels given by Ruskai, Szarek and Werner and the extreme points of entanglement breaking channels given by M. Horodecki, Shor and Ruskai.

During the last two decades Alain Connes developed Noncommutative Geometry, which allows to unify two of the basic theories of modern physics: General Relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics. In the noncommutative framework the Higgs boson, which had previously to be put in by hand, and many of the ad hoc features of the standard model, appear in a natural way. The aim of my talk is to motivate this unification from basic physical principles and to give a flavour of its derivation. I will give an overview of the basic tools such as almost-commutative spectral triples and the spectral action principle. The latter allows to derive the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian and the Standard Model Lagrangian together with a set of relations among the Standard Model parameters.

This course is aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, and is inspired by a book by the same title, written by Padmanabhan. Each session consists of solving one or two pre-determined problems, which is done by a randomly picked student. While the problems introduce various subjects in Astrophysics and Cosmology, they do not serve as replacement for standard courses in these subjects, and are rather aimed at educating students with hands-on analytic/numerical skills to attack new problems.

This course is aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, and is inspired by a book by the same title, written by Padmanabhan. Each session consists of solving one or two pre-determined problems, which is done by a randomly picked student. While the problems introduce various subjects in Astrophysics and Cosmology, they do not serve as replacement for standard courses in these subjects, and are rather aimed at educating students with hands-on analytic/numerical skills to attack new problems.

I will report on efforts to implement a new method for simulating concatenated quantum error correction, where many levels of concatenation are simulated together explicitly. That is, the approach involves a Monte Carlo simulation of a noisy circuit involving many thousands of qubits, rather than tens of qubits previously. The new approach allows the threshold and resource usage of concatenated quantum error correction to be determined more accurately than before. Also, the approach makes it possible to better study the effects of circuit optimizations and message-passing algorithms [Poulin, PRA, 2006] on the performance of fault-tolerant concatenated quantum error correction. Such studies are necessary in order make a proper comparison with competing families of error-correction protocols, such as those involving surface codes. In the talk, a range of new numerical results will be presented.

We will discuss the missing pieces in the understanding of the effective field theory description of string creation, the T-dual of the Hanany-Witten effect, both in the open and closed string picture. We explain the origin of the \'bare\' Chern-Simons term, so far added in by hand. There however remain unsettled issues concerning the need to modify the DBI action and the interpretation of this term in M-theory.

The idea behind the \'Open Science Movement\' is that by making data, results, and protocols freely available to the research community for use and re-use a step change in the efficiency of carrying out science can be achieved. In this talk I will discuss the experience of my research group in pursuing \'Open Notebook Science\' in which we make our laboratory notebooks freely available on the web as experiments are recorded. This involves both the development and use of new tools to make the recording process practical and useful and the cultural challenges of convincing other scientists that this is a worthwhile, and not completely foolhardy, approach.

Computation is increasingly important in all branches of science, but most scientists have no idea how reliable their software is, and cannot reproduce even their own computational results if more than a few weeks have passed. \'Live on the web\' labs and other new ideas promise to change this, but face an uphill battle against entrenched practices and institutional lethargy. This talk looks at how we got into this mess, what could get us out of it, and how likely scientists are to actually embrace change.

How can we best take advantage of the internet to improve how science is done? Much attention has been paid to open access and open data as enablers of online innovation. In this talk, I discuss the complementary issue of cultural openness in science, and argue that a relatively closed culture is inhibiting online innovation in science. I\'ll discuss ways this culture may be changed, and what opportunities may result.