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More than any thing else technology creates our world. It creates our wealth, our economy, our very way of being," says W. Brian Arthur. Yet, until now major questions related to the evolution of technology have gone unanswered. Where do new technologies come from -- how exactly does invention work? What constitutes innovation, and how is it achieved? Why are certain regions -- Cambridge, England, in the 1920s and Silicon Valley today -- hotbeds of innovation, while others languish? Does technology, like biological life, evolve? How do new industries, and the economy itself, emerge from technologies? In this talk, leading thinkers Lee Smolin, Frances Westley, and Thomas Homer-Dixon discuss economist W. Brian Arthur's work on a boldly original way of thinking about technology that gives answers to these questions.

The stability of spacetime has been related to the production of particles and also to the imaginary parts of the perturbative series. The unitarity relations of the quantum theory impose relations between these two phenomena.