Scientific Series

Major improvements in the theoretical aspects of Cosmology have been possible in recent years due to QFT-inspired methods, such as the effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFTofLSS). In this talk, I will explore further connections between high-energy physics and cosmology. I will present a systematic approach to renormalizing the galaxy bias parameters using path integrals and a finite cutoff scale Λ. I will derive the differential equations of the Wilson-Polchinski renormalization group that describe the evolution of the finite-scale bias parameters with Λ, analogous to the β-function running in QFT. I will then discuss how the RG-flow of EFTofLSS can lead to improvements in the extraction of cosmological parameters and also serve as a tool for sanity checks.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/93248279658?pwd=Z1M1UnI3eVh3NTZ3NCt4NUtGaW5idz09

Spacetime inversion symmetries such as parity and time reversal play a central role in physics, but they are usually treated as global symmetries. In quantum gravity there are no global symmetries, so any spacetime inversion symmetries must be gauge symmetries. In particular this includes CRT symmetry (in even
dimensions usually combined with a rotation to become CPT), which in quantum field theory is always a symmetry and seems likely to be a symmetry of quantum gravity as well. I'll discuss what it means to gauge a spacetime inversion symmetry, and explain some of the more unusual consequences of doing this. In particular I'll argue that the gauging of CRT is automatically implemented by the sum over topologies in the Euclidean gravity path integral, that in a closed universe the Hilbert space of quantum gravity must be a real vector space, and that in Lorentzian signature manifolds which are not time-orientable must be included as valid configurations of the theory.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98089579253?pwd=NDBhUjBUTTEwT0R5YmhYVElZenJtZz09

Quantum error-correcting codes are a key pillar of quantum computing. They allow for the recovery of quantum information in the presence of noise. There are three main ways to depict a quantum code: by the list of codewords, by an encoding circuit, or by a stabilizer tableau. Although the latter is used most often, all three of these have pros and cons. In this talk, I will showcase ZX calculus, a graphical language that can be used to talk about quantum states, circuits, measurements, and importantly, codes. I will demonstrate its power and versatility and showcase a canonical form for states, circuits, and codes. The power of this theorem allows us to compile these quantum objects to a unique, elegant, and simple form which serves as a much better depiction than any of the three methods above.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91431057660?pwd=cW9xKzNXejdIekp3amFacFZ5OHN5dz09

Frustrated quantum magnets provide a promising platform for realizing exotic phase transitions known as deconfined quantum critical points (DQCPs), where a conventional Landau-Ginzburg description fails and the resulting description involves emergent gauge fields. In the first part of my talk, I will propose a unified theory for describing a pair of continuous phase transitions numerically observed in the frustrated square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet, where a spin liquid phase appears to emerge in between Neel and valence bond solid (VBS) phases. The proposed DQCPs exhibit a plethora of unconventional phenomena, including anisotropic fixed points and dangerously irrelevant perturbations. In the second part of my talk, I will describe recent work analyzing an effective model of triangular lattice antiferromagnetism which supports coplanar magnetic order as well as VBS and spin liquid phases. We show that this effective model is sign-problem-free and amenable to large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, which reveal a direct transition between magnetic and VBS phases.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98562300020?pwd=OXYrL0dJTGkzNk5memlVM0tqY3hNQT09

We develop the theory of quantum scars for quantum fields. By generalizing the formalisms of Heller and Bogomolny from few-body quantum mechanics to quantum fields, we find that unstable periodic classical solutions of the field equations imprint themselves in a precise manner on bands of energy eigenfunctions. This indicates a breakdown of thermalization at certain energy scales, in a manner that can be characterized via semiclassics. As an explicit example, we consider time-periodic non-topological solitons in complex scalar field theories. We find that an unstable variant of Q-balls, called Q-clouds, induce quantum scars. Some technical contributions of our work include methods for characterizing moduli spaces of periodic orbits in field theories, which are essential for formulating our quantum scar formula. We further discuss potential connections with quantum many-body scars in Rydberg atom arrays. Based on work in arXiv:2212.01637 with Jordan Cotler.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91572728134?pwd=Q0Jzb0lwQW5VU0ptRnRWL2tOTTdLdz09

Despite their simple intuition, convolutions are more tedious to analyze than dense layers, which complicates the transfer of theoretical and algorithmic ideas. We provide a simplifying perspective onto convolutions through tensor networks (TNs) which allow reasoning about the underlying tensor multiplications by drawing diagrams, and manipulating them to perform function transformations and sub-tensor access. We demonstrate this expressive power by deriving the diagrams of various autodiff operations and popular approximations of second-order information with full hyper-parameter support, batching, channel groups, and generalization to arbitrary convolution dimensions. Further, we provide convolution-specific transformations based on the connectivity pattern which allow to re-wire and simplify diagrams before evaluation. Finally, we probe computational performance, relying on established machinery for efficient TN contraction. Our TN implementation speeds up a recently-proposed KFAC variant up to 4.5x and enables new hardware-efficient tensor dropout for approximate backpropagation.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99090845943?pwd=NHBNVTNnbDNSOGNSVzNGS21xcllFdz09

Recently, models with different properties have been proposed for polymerized dust collapse and regular black holes. To fully understand their properties and differences, we provide a systematic procedure to construct effective polymerized spherically symmetric models encoding holonomy corrections as $1+1$d field theory from effective regular cosmological dynamics or stationary effective metrics. We apply this formalism and consider models that have the following advantages: The effective dynamics can be derived from a class of extended mimetic gravity Lagrangians in 4 dimensions. The models admit a consistent Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) condition, by which the dynamics is completely decoupled along the radial direction in LTB coordinates, trivializing the junction condition in dust collapse. The class of effective dynamics admits a polymerized Birkhoff-like theorem, which leads to a stationary effective metric in the polymerized vacuum. The effective dynamics can reproduce known regular black hole solutions, including Bardeen and Hayward, by a suitable choice of holonomy corrections. As a concrete example, we construct an effective model compatible with the improved dynamics of loop quantum cosmology in the decoupled LTB sector. We compare it with several effective polymerized models recently introduced in the context of loop quantum gravity and gain some new insights into the presence of shocks.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99966795418?pwd=Ty9mRXNML3NsUXdvcU1WUTdCaWpVZz09

Extreme mass-ratio binary black hole systems, known as EMRIs, are expected to radiate low-frequency gravitational waves detectable by planned space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We hope to use these systems to probe black hole spacetimes in exquisite detail and make precision measurements of supermassive black hole properties. Accurate models using general relativistic perturbation theory will allow us to unlock the potential of these unique systems. Such models must include post-geodesic corrections, which account for forces driving the smaller black hole away from a geodesic trajectory. When a spinning body orbits a black hole, its spin couples to the curvature of the background spacetime, introducing post-geodesic correction called the spin-curvature force. In this talk, I will present our calculation of EMRI waveforms that include both spin-curvature forces and the leading backreaction due to gravitational radiation. We use a near-identity transformation to eliminate dependence on the orbital phases, allowing for very fast computation of completely generic worldlines of spinning bodies; such efficiency is crucial for LISA data analysis. Finally, I will discuss what aspects still need to be included in future calculations so that we can use EMRIs for a new era of precision gravitational-wave astronomy, addressing outstanding puzzles in astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental theoretical physics.

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91917788358?pwd=MWp5OUhxbkRmZDFxWWE4cHR0VlBTUT09

The current ΛCDM concordance model has been widely successful in describing our Universe. However, crucial questions, such as the H0 tension, remain unanswered and are becoming increasingly critical with the continuous release of high-precision cosmological data. This has led to the exploration of modified ΛCDM models, one of them being the coupled quintessence, or Coupled Dark Energy (CDE) model.  Here, we perform for the first time a tomographic analysis of coupled dark energy, where the coupling strength is parametrised and constrained in different redshift bins. We employ cosmic microwave background data from Planck, ACT and SPT, showing the impact of different choices that can be made in combining these datasets. Then, we use a range of low redshift probes to test CDE cosmologies, both for a constant and a tomographic coupling. In particular, we use for the first time data from weak lensing, galaxy clustering, and 3x2pt galaxy-galaxy lensing cross-correlation data. For CMB and background datasets, a tomographic coupling allows for β values up to one order of magnitude larger than in previous works, in particular at z < 1. The use of 3x2pt analysis then becomes important to constrain β at low redshifts, even when coupling is allowed to vary: for 3x2pt we find, at 0.5 < z < 1, β = 0.018+0.007 −0.011, comparable to what CMB and background datasets would give for a constant coupling. This makes upcoming galaxy surveys potentially powerful probes to test CDE models at low redshifts. 

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/94442666279?pwd=OTgrMTZ5dTRzZmc2WFhuMkF3ekJzdz09

The Monster Lie Algebra $\mathfrak m$ has two well-known avatars: It is a Borcherds' algebra that is also a quotient of the physical space of a specific tensor product of vertex algebras. In this talk, I will discuss a construction of vertex algebra elements that project to bases for subalgebras of $\mathfrak m$ isomorphic to $\mathfrak{gl}_2$, corresponding to each of the imaginary simple roots of the Monster Lie algebra.

Furthermore, for a fixed imaginary simple root, I will illustrate how the action of the Monster simple group on the Moonshine module induces an action of the Monster group on the set of the $\mathfrak{gl}_2$ subalgebras constructed this way. I will discuss this action and related open questions.

This talk is based on joint work with Darlayne Addabbo, Lisa Carbone, Elizabeth Jurisich, and Scott H. Murray.

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Zoom link TBA

Abstract TBA

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98123499206?pwd=QWlHcFBJWE8zRTlyT1A5WUVsQS9NUT09

Measuring the temperature of your coffee should not change the amount of coffee in your cup. This holds because the operators representing the coffee’s energy and volume commute. The intuitive assumption that conserved quantities, also known as charges, commute, underpins basic physics derivations, like that of the thermal state's form and Onsager coefficients. Yet, operators' failure to commute plays a key role in quantum theory, e.g. underlying uncertainty relations. Lifting this assumption has spawned a growing subfield of quantum many-body physics [1].

How can one argue that charges’ noncommutation caused a result? To isolate the effects of charges’ noncommutation, we created analogous models that differ in whether their charges commute and discovered more entanglement in the noncommuting-charge model [2]. We further introduce noncommuting charges (an SU(2) symmetry) into monitored quantum circuits, circuits with unitary evolutions and mid-circuit projective measurements. Numerically, we find that the SU(2)-symmetric model has a critical phase in place of the area-law phase typically found in these circuits [3]. I will focus on the results from Ref 2 and 3. Time permitting, I'll briefly explain how one can use Lie Algebra theory to build the Hamiltonians necessary for testing the predictions of noncommuting charge physics [4].

[1] Majidy et al. "Noncommuting conserved charges in quantum thermodynamics and beyond." Nat Rev Phys (2023)
[2] Majidy et al. "Non-Abelian symmetry can increase entanglement entropy.” PRB (2023)
[3] Majidy et al. "Critical phase and spin sharpening in SU(2)-symmetric monitored quantum circuits." PRB (2023)
[4] Yunger Halpern and Majidy “How to build Hamiltonians that transport noncommuting charges in quantum thermodynamics” npj QI (2022)

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Zoom link https://pitp.zoom.us/j/97193579200?pwd=MkdmbWo1S2lUcUZtUFpORk5VbnFBdz09