Condensed Matter

The fields of quantum information and quantum computation are reliant on creating and maintaining low-dimensional quantum states. In two-dimensional hexagonal materials, one can describe a two-dimensional quantum state with electron quasi-momentum. This description, often referred to as valleytronics allows one to define a two-state vector labelled by k and k', which correspond to symmetric valleys in the conduction band. In this work, we present an algorithm that allows one to construct a nanoscale device that topologically separates k and k' current. Our algorithm incorporates electron transport calculations, artificial neural networks, and genetic algorithms to find structures that optimize a custom objective function. Our first result is that when modifying the on-site energies via doping with simple shapes the genetic algorithm is able to find structures that are able to topologically separate the valley currents with approximately 90% purity. We then introduce an arbitrary shape generator via a policy defined by an artificial neural network to modify the on-site energies of the nanoribbons. We study the dynamics of the genetic algorithms for both cases. Lastly, we then attempt to physically motivate the solutions by mapping the high dimensional search space to a lower dimensional one that can be better understood.

Recently, machine learning has attracted tremendous interest across different communities. In this talk, I will briefly introduce some new progresses in the emergent field of quantum machine learning ---an interdisciplinary field that explores the interactions between quantum physics and machine learning. On the one hand, I will talk about a couple of quantum algorithms that promise an exponential speed-up for machine learning tasks. On the other hand, I will show how ideas and techniques from machine learning can help solve challenging problems in the quantum domain.

A device called a ‘Gaussian Boson Sampler’ has initially been proposed as a near-term demonstration of classically intractable quantum computation. But these devices can also be used to decide whether two graphs are similar to each other. In this talk, I will show how to construct a feature map and graph similarity measure (or ‘graph kernel’) using samples from an optical Gaussian Boson Sampler, and how to combine this with a support vector machine to do machine learning on graph-structured datasets. I will present promising benchmarking results and try to motivate why such a continuous-variable quantum computer can actually extract interesting properties from graphs.

Both electrons and nuclei follow the laws of quantum mechanics, and even though classical approximations and/or empirical models can be quite successful in many cases, a full quantum description is needed to achieve predictive simulations of matter. Traditionally, simulations that treat both electrons and nuclei as quantum particles have been prohibitively demanding. I will present several recent algorithmic advances that have increased dramatically the range of systems that are amenable to quantum modeling: on one hand, by using accelerated path integral schemes to treat the nuclear degrees of freedom, and on the other by using machine-learning potentials to reproduce inexpensively high-end electronic-structure calculations. I will give examples of both approaches, and discuss how the two can be used in synergy to make fully quantum modeling affordable.

In this talk I will discuss some of the long-term challenges emerging with the effort of making deep learning a relevant tool for controlled scientific discovery in many-body quantum physics. The current state of the art of deep neural quantum states and learning tools will be discussed in connection with open challenging problems in condensed matter physics, including frustrated magnetism and quantum dynamics.

The appearance of scale invariance and diverging response functions in many-body systems is inseparably linked to the presence of a critical point and spontaneous symmetry breaking. In thermal equilibrium critical points mostly correspond to isolated spots in parameter space, which require rather strong fine tuning of e.g., the temperature of magnetic fields, in order to be reached. Pushing systems away from thermal equilibrium, e.g., by exposing them to external drive fields or dissipation, can give rise to more unconventional forms of criticality. External driving and dissipation may even turn critical points robust and attractive, imposing scale invariance for a large variety of external parameters, a phenomenon known as self-organized criticality (SOC).

I will discuss the manifestation of SOC in driven dissipative cold atom ensembles, for which a direct mapping of their microscopic parameters to an SOC field theory exists. This yields an opportunity to study SOC, typically associated with hard-to-control, large scale non-equilibrium setups, such as earthquakes, solar flares, or neural networks, under very controlled conditions. In addition, I will briefly explain the theoretical challenges for a quantum theory of self-organized criticality and point out current steps towards their realization.

Using superconducting parametric cavities, we have demonstrated much of the toolbox of linear quantum optics, but also extended it by taking advantage of the strong nonlinearities of superconducting circuits. In a set of experiments, we have used these parametric cavities as a platform for analog quantum simulation of lattice field theories. Preliminary results already show the promise of the platform for this application. For instance, a single device can simulate a number of different models, including topological and chiral models, in a flexible and programmable way.

Trapped ions are among the most advanced technology platforms for quantum information processing, in particular quantum simulation. However, ions are most readily trapped as a linear chain in radio-frequency traps, limiting their use to simulate higher dimensional quantum systems. In this talk, I'll describe an analog and an analog-digital hybrid [1] quantum simulation protocols to simulate programmable 2D and 3D spin models in a linear ion chain, by manipulating phonon-mediated long-ranged interactions between ion spins. The ability to dynamically engineer lattice geometries enables the investigation of a rich variety of physical phenomena such as spin frustration, topological states, and quantum quenches. [1] Rajabi et al., npj Quantum Information 5:32 (2019)